专利号:US-11479577-B2 优先权日:2016-05-18 标题:Intermediates for the synthesis of bile acid derivatives, in particular of obeticholic acid 发明人:WEYMOUTH-WILSON ALEXANDER; KOMSTA ZOFIA; WALLIS LAURA; EVANS TIMOTHY; DAVIES IEUAN; OTTER CARL; BATCHELOR RHYS 权利人:NZP UK LTD 摘要:The present invention relates to compounds which are intermediates in the synthesis of bile acid derivatives with pharmacological activity. The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I):wherein:, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and Y are as defined herein.The compounds are intermediates in the synthesis of synthetic bile acids which are useful in the treatment of conditions such as liver disease. In addition, the invention relates to a method of synthesizing these intermediates and a method of preparing obeticholic acid and obeticholic acid analogues from the compounds of the invention.
专利号:US-4076758-A 优先权日:1976-12-09 标题 :Synthesis of vicinal glycols 发明人:OWSLEY DENNIS C; BLOOMFIELD JORDAN J 权利人:MONSANTO CO 摘要:Relatively low molecular weight primary alcohols are coupled to form relatively higher molecular weight vicinal glycols in which a trialkylsilyl protecting group is employed on the hydroxyl position of said low molecular weight primary alcohol during said coupling reaction. n BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION n This invention relates to the production of vicinal glycols from starting molecules having fewer carbon atoms such as, for example, the preparation of ethylene glycol and glycerol from methanol. More particularly, this invention is concerned with the coupling of relatively low molecular weight or short chain primary alcohols to form relatively higher molecular weight or vicinal glycols by employing a trialkylsilyl protecting group on the hydroxyl position of said low molecular weight primary alcohol. n In view of the fuel and mineral shortages facing the world, particularly petroleum feedstocks, there is a scarcity of vital building blocks such as ethylene and propylene used to synthesize many modern chemical entities. Consequently, alternate carbon sources for the chemical industry's basic organic chemicals must be developed for future needs from either coal or single carbon molecules such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or methanol. n Two major products produced from petroleum-derived feedstocks such as ethylene and propylene are, respectively, ethylene glycol and glycerol. Ethylene glycol is widely used for antifreeze and in numerous nonantifreeze outlets, including cellophane, polyester fibers and films, and polyglycols. Glycerol finds wide use in cosmetics, dentifrices, drugs and pharmaceuticals, alkyd resins, cellophane and in tobacco as a humectant and in the manufacture of plasticizers for cellulose cigarette filters. n In the production of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide is usually first prepared by direct oxidation of ethylene or by the chlorohydrin synthesis and the ethylene oxide is then reacted with water to make ethylene glycol. n Although glycerol is a natural by-product of soap manufacture, a significant quantity of synthetic glycerin also is prepared from propylene. One such process involves the chlorination of propylene to allyl chloride, conversion into epichlorohydrin, and thence into glycerin. Another process involves oxidation of propylene to acrolein, conversion into allyl alcohol, then reaction with hydrogen peroxide to yield glycerin. In a third process, propylene oxide is catalytically converted into allyl alcohol, which is treated with peracetic acid to yield glycidol. Glycidol then combines with water to make glycerin. n An improved method of producing vicinal glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol and glycerol, from shorter chain molecules such as, for example, methanol, instead of employing petroleum-derived feedstocks such as ethylene and propylene, would provide significant advantages over prior methods of production. n BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION n In accordance with the present invention, vicinal glycols are produced from starting molecules having fewer carbon atoms. In particular, relatively low molecular weight or short chain primary alcohols are coupled to form relatively higher molecular weight vicinal glycols by employing a trialkylsilyl protecting group on the hydroxyl position of said low molecular weight primary alcohol. n As used herein, the term 'trialkylsilyl' means a group containing a silicon atom bonded to three alkyl radicals, any of which can be the same as, or different than, any other. n The process of this invention involves the oxidative or dehydrogenative coupling of the shorter chain primary alcohol without over-oxidation to undesirable by-products, for example, aldehydes. The initial dehydrogenation of the shorter chain primary alcohol is thus made to take place on the carbon rather than the hydroxyl group by using the trialkylsilyl blocking group on the hydroxyl. Alcoholysis of the coupled reaction product then readily yields the desired vicinal glycol. n The coupling reaction of this invention is briefly illustrated by the preparation of ethylene glycol and glycerol from methanol. In order to produce ethylene glycol, two trialkylsilyl blocked methanol molecules are reacted to form 1,2-bis(trialkylsiloxy)ethane which, upon methanolysis, yields ethylene glycol. In order to produce glycerol, three trialkylsilyl blocked methanol molecules are reacted to form 1,2,3-tris(trialkylsiloxy)propane which, upon methanolysis, yields glycerol. n The above process has definite advantages over the direct coupling of methanol to ethylene glycol and glycerol. This process has a higher selectivity for ethylene glycol and glycerol and less by-product is produced. That the direct coupling of methanol undesirably leads to a substantial amount of formaldehyde is seen from the work of Schwetlich et al, Angew. Chem. 72, 779 (1960); and Ladygin and Saraeva, Kinetics and Catalysis 6, 189-95 (1965) and 7, 832-39 (1966).
专利号:US-10766921-B2 优先权日:2016-05-18 标 题 :Process and intermediates for the 6,7-alpha-epoxidation of steroid 4,6-dienes 发明人:WEYMOUTH-WILSON ALEXANDER; KOMSTA ZOFIA; WALLIS LAURA; EVANS TIMOTHY 权利人:NZP UK LTD 摘要:The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of general formula (Ia): wherein R2, Y, R4 and R5 are as defined herein, wherein the epoxidation is conducted using an oxidant and methyltrioxorhenium as a catalyst (MeReO3). The invention also relates to certain compounds per se. The compounds are intermediates in the synthesis of synthetic bile acids.
专利号:US-8030496-B2 优先权日:2005-02-17 标 题:Intermediate compound for synthesis of viridiofungin a derivative 发明人:KATO TATSUYA; KIMURA NOBUAKI; MIZUTANI AKEMI; MAKINO TOSHIHIKO; KAWASAKI KENICHI; FUKUDA HIROSHI; KOMIYAMA SUSUMU; TSUKUDA TAKUO 权利人:CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO LTD 摘要:A method whereby a compound having HCV replication inhibitory activity and desired optical activity can be synthesized selectively and at high yield in a small number of steps by using a compound having a specific chiral auxiliary as a starting compound is provided. n A compound represented by the formula (1-8): n n n n n n n n n n n n wherein Y represents a group represented by the following formula: n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n Q represents a protected carbonyl group; D represents —(CH 2 ) m —R′, etc.; and n represents an integer of 0 to 10.
专利号:US-2002058286-A1 优先权日:1999-02-24 标 题 :Synthesis of epothilones, intermediates thereto and analogues thereof 发明人:DANISHEFSKY SAMUEL J; STACHEL SHAWN J; LEE CHUL BOM; CHAPPELL MARK D; CHOU TING-CHAO; WU ZHICAI 摘要:The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilones, desoxyepothilones, and analogues thereof. The present invention further provides novel compositions and methods for the treatment of cancer and additionally provides methods for the treatment of cancer which has developed a multi-drug phenotype.
专利号:WO-02055470-A1 优先权日:2000-12-29 标 题 :Method for the enantioselective preparation of adducts of $g(a)-substituted phenylethylamine-cycloalkanes and of 2-acetoxyacrylonitrile, intermediates in the enantioselective synthesis of the lateral chain of harringtonines 发明人:DUMAS FRANCOISE; ROBIN JEAN-PIERRE; KELLER LAURENT; BATAILLE PATRICIA; D ANGELO JEAN 权利人:ONCOPHARM; CENTRE NAT RECH SCIENT; DUMAS FRANCOISE; ROBIN JEAN-PIERRE; KELLER LAURENT; BATAILLE PATRICIA; D ANGELO JEAN 摘要:The invention relates to a method for the enantioselective preparation of adducts of alpha -substituted phenylethylimino-cycloalkanes and of 2-acetoxyacrylonitrile with the formula (I), wherein the carbon atom in position 1' has the stereochemistry 1'S or 1'R; n = 0 to 3; Z is a protected alcohol radical having the formula OGP<1>; GP<1> is a protective group such as a carbon-containing ether, a silylated ether or an ester; GP<2> is a protective group of enols such as a silylated ether; and involving a Michael reaction between the methyl cyanoacetate and a chiral imine.
摘要:Joule, J. A., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2010) 2, 203. 摘要:Carbery, D., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2010) 3, 157. 摘要:West, J. G.; Sorensen, E. J., Science of Synthesis: Applications of Domino Transformations in Organic Synthesis, (2015) 2, 40.