CAS: 1333-74-0; Hydrogen

化学文摘社编号1333-74-0实际上相当于元素形式的"Hydrogen",具体地说是一种气体.氢是一种无色,无味和无味的二解气体,在室温和压力下是一种无色,无味和无味的二解气体.它是高度易燃的,可以与空气形成爆炸混合物.氢的密度较低,是所有气体中最亮的,而且是无毒的.在反应性能方面,氢随时与多种元素结合,形成水(HO)和各种碳氢化合物等化合物,在各种化学过程中发挥着关键作用,包括燃烧和合成反应.此外,氢是通过哈伯工艺生产氨的一个关键组成部分,并且正在日益被探索为能源应用中的清洁燃料替代物.氢的独特特性使它在工业应用和科学研究中都至关重要.

⚠️危险化学品目录(2015年版) 易燃气体,类别1
英文名称Hydrogen
中文名称氢气
IUPAC名称molecular hydrogen
其它别名Dihydrogen; Hydrogen (H2); Hydrogen molecule; Mol. hydrogen; Molecular hydrogen; Orthohydrogen; Parahydrogen; Protium
CAS编号1333-74-0
MFCD编号:MFCD00070838
EINECS号:215-605-7
分子式:H2 Lewis structure
分子量:2.02
产品CID: 2533632
产品分类无机化工 → 氢,氮,氧等工业气体

相似结构搜索
InChIKey: UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/H2/h1H…
计算化学: 氢键受体数0.0氢键供体数0.0可旋转键数0.0

物理性质

熔点-259.2 °C
沸点-252.77 °C
闪点Flammable gas
密度0.07631 g/cm3
pKa:35(at 25°C)
PSA:0.0
LogP:0.0
蒸汽压1.24X10+6 mm Hg at 25 °C
溶解性微溶于H2O
敏感性Finely divided platinum and some other metals will cause a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen to explode at ordinary temperatures. If a jet of hydrogen in air impinges on platinum black the metal surface gets hot enough to ignite the gases, [Mellor 1:325(1946-1947)]. Explosive reactions occur upon ignition of mixtures of nitrogen trifluoride with good reducing agents such as ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide or methane. Mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane and oxygen difluoride are exploded when a spark is discharged, [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:192(1956)]. An explosion occurred upon heating 1'-pentol and 1''-pentol under hydrogen pressure. It appears that this acetylenic compound under certain conditions suddenly breaks down to form elemental carbon, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide with the release of sufficient energy to develop pressures in excess of 1000 atmospheres, [AIChE Loss Prevention, p1, (1967)]. | Finely divided platinum and some other metals will cause a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen to explode at ordinary temperatures. If a jet of hydrogen in air impinges on platinum black the metal surface gets hot enough to ignite the gases, [Mellor 1:325(1946-1947)]. Explosive reactions occur upon ignition of mixtures of nitrogen trifluoride with good reducing agents such as ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide or methane. Mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane and oxygen difluoride are exploded when a spark is discharged, [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:192(1956)]. An explosion occurred upon heating 1'-pentol and 1''-pentol under hydrogen pressure. It appears that this acetylenic compound under certain conditions suddenly breaks down to form elemental carbon, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide with the release of sufficient energy to develop pressures in excess of 1000 atmospheres, [AIChE Loss Prevention, p1, (1967)]. Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container, [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980].
外观形态无色气体易燃无色气体
产品应用高纯氢(1333-74-0)的用途:1.超纯氢主要用于大规模和超大规模集成电路的制造,提供还原气氛.高纯氢气作为配制SiH4/H2,PH3/H2,B2H6/H2等混合掺杂气的底气.半导体工业对底气纯度要求极高,微量杂质“掺入”就会改变半导体表面特性.在硅外延时,需严格控制氢气中O2,H2O,CO,CO2,CH4等杂质含量.O2与H2O均可与硅反应生成SiO2,影响完整结晶的生长.氢气中含有微量CO和CO2都会使衬底氧化,生成多晶硅.如果含有CH4,则会生成碳化硅进入外延层,引起缺陷.在砷化镓外延时对氢气纯度要求更高.在砷化镓液相外延制取激光器件过程中,当氢气中含氧量降至0.03×10-6,露点低于-90°C时,器件寿命可达104h以上.在电真空材料和器件生产过程中,对氢气纯度要求很高.如钨,钼都是电真空器件的重要材料,它能由氧化物经氢气还原得到粉末,再加工成线材和带材.电子管的阳极,阴极和栅极等金属器件,都需经过专门的烧氢处理,对氢气纯度要求很高.2.以氢作标准底气时,氢气纯度应为99.9999%.石化工业离不开各种标准气.氢也用作色谱载气.
性质描述高纯氢(1333-74-0)的性状:1.无色,无臭,可燃气体.它是已知的最轻气体.2.正氢气体密度(kg/m3):0.08342(21.1°C,101.3kPa),1.331(-252.8°C,101.3kPa).气体相对密度(空气=1)0.06960(0°C,101.3kPa).沸点-252.8°C,熔点-259.2°C.临界温度-239.96°C,临界压力1315kPa,临界密度30.12kg/m3.三相点-259.2°C(7.205kPa).蒸发潜热446.0kJ/kg(-252.8°C).熔化潜热58.09kl/kg(三相点下).21.1°C,101.3kPa下气体比热容:Cp14.34kl/(kg・°C),Cv10.12kJ/(kg・°C).15.6°C时在水中溶解度0.019(体积比).液体密度70.96kg/m3(-252.8°C,101.3kPa). 气/液比(沸点下液体,21.1°C和101.3kPa下气体)850.3(体积比).在空气中的可燃限4.0%～75.0%(体积).自燃温度571.2°C.3.仲氢沸点-252.9°C.熔点-259.3°C.临界温度-240.17°C,临界压力1293kPa,临界密度31.43kg/m3.三相点-259.3°C(7.042kPa).蒸发潜热445.6kJ/kg(-252.9°C).熔化潜热58.29kJ/kg(三相点下).21.1°C,101.3kPa下气体比热容:Cp14.88kJ/(kg・°C),Cv10.76kJ/(kg・°C).Cp/Cv1.38.气体密度1.338kg/m3(-252.9°C,101.3kPa). 液体密度70.78kg/m3(-252.9°C,101.3kPa).气/液比(沸点下液体,21.1°C和101.3kPa下气体)848.3(体积比).4.氢分子由两种同分异构体组成,在常温下,正仲氢比例为75:25.随着温度降低,仲氢比例提高,伴随着放出转化热.20.4K时平衡组成为0.2:99.8.5.在正常条件下,氢无腐蚀,但在高压和高温下,氢气可引起某些钢种的脆裂.6.氢气无毒,但不能维持生命,它是一种窒息剂.

MSDS等安全信息

GHS象形图
GHS符号GHS02 & GHS04;
注释: Flame & Gas cylinder
危险类别Flam. Gas 1A
Press. Gas (Comp.)
Press. Gas (Ref. Liq.)
致癌性类别1A
Muta. 1B
Press. Gas (Liq.)
Ox. Gas 1
呼吸道致敏类别1
警示词Danger(危险)
危险描述H220 |极易燃气体.
H280 |含加压气体;加热可能会爆炸.
H281 |Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury.
H350 |可能致癌.
H340 |可能导致遗传缺陷.
H270 |May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser.
H334 |吸入可能引起过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难.
防范说明P210-P377-P381-P410+P403
UN编号UN 1950 2.1
危险品标志F+
安全声明S16,S33,S9
危险类别码R12
WGK Germany-

欧盟法规

统一分类与标签压力设备指令-第1组危险流体ECHA物质欧盟气雾剂指令-标签制度工作场所安全标识要求ECHA物质C&L通报REACH预注册废弃物危险特性清单

上下游产品

methane sodium tetrahydroborate iodine starchmethane carbon dioxide carbon monoxide ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

合成工艺路线路线简述

Pentaborane(9)置于k Amalgam体系中,用 Further Solvent(S) 用作溶剂,化学反应生成氢气
参考文献:Stock,A.; Kurzen,F.; Laudenklos,H.,Zeitschrift Fur Anorganische Chemie,1935,Vol. 225,P. 243-253
标题:Stock,A.; Kurzen,F.; Laudenklos,H.,Zeitschrift Fur Anorganische Chemie,1935,Vol. 225,P. 243-253