5-Methylpyrazinecarboxylic Acid-4-Oxide Ethyl Ester置于sodium Hydroxide体系中,用 乙酸乙酯 作为反应溶剂,化学反应生成 阿西莫司 参考文献:Pyrazine 4-Oxide Derivatives And Process For Their Preparation 标题:Pyrazine 4-Oxide Derivatives And Process For Their Preparation 摘要:公式(i)##str1##的化合物已被披露,其中至少有一个r.Sup.1,R.Sup.2和r.Sup.3是c.Sub.1.Sub.-6烷基,其他是氢原子;r.Sup.4是羟基或c.Sub.1.Sub.-6烷氧基,或者是化合物的盐,其中r.Sup.4是羟基,与药用上可接受的碱.一个典型的化合物是,例如,2-羧基-5-甲基吡嗪-4-氧化物.这些化合物表现出降糖和降脂活性.
专利号:US-5091066-A 优先权日:1987-11-19 标 题 :Electrochemical synthesis of 2-methyl-5-pyrazinoic acid 发明人:FOA MARCO; FORLINI FABRIZIO; GATTI NORBERTO; BORSOTTI GIAMPIERO 权利人:MINI RICERCA SCIENT TECNOLOG 摘要:There is disclosed a process for the preparation of 2-methyl-5-pyrazinoic acid consisting of electrochemically oxidizing a compound having formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --OH, Cl, Br, --O--CO--R, --O--SO 2 --R, in which R is a C 1 -C 5 alkyl radical, optionally substituted with F or Cl, or it is a C 6 -C 12 aryl radical, in an aqueous alkaline medium, at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 90° C., using anodes coated with nickel oxide-hydroxide.
专利号:US-7956214-B2 优先权日:2001-11-02 标题 :Process for the preparation of aniline-derived thyroid receptor ligands 发明人:CHIDAMBARAM RAMAKRISHNAN; KANT JOYDEEP; WEAVER RAYMOND E; YU JURONG; GHOSH ARUN 权利人:KAROBIO AB; BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO 摘要:Provided are processes for the synthesis of aniline derivatives, specifically certain aniline derivatives which have activity as thyroid receptor ligands.
专利号:US-7612106-B2 优先权日:2004-12-23 标题 :Fused pyrazole derivatives and methods of treatment of metabolic-related disorders thereof 发明人:BOATMAN P DOUGLAS; SCHRADER THOMAS O; SEMPLE GRAEME; SKINNER PHILIP J; JUNG JAE-KYU 权利人:ARENA PHARM INC 摘要:The present invention relates to certain fused pyrazole derivatives of Formula (Ia), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists for the RUP25 receptor. n nAlso provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of metabolic-related disorders, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Syndrome-X and the like. In addition, the present invention also provides for the use of the compounds of the invention in combination with other active agents such as those belonging to the class of α-glucosidase inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, biguanides, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthesis inhibitors, fibrates, LDL catabolism enhancers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, insulin secretion enhancers, DP receptor antagonists, and the like.
专利号:US-8637555-B2 优先权日:2003-10-31 标题:Tetrazole derivatives and methods of treatment of metabolic-related disorders thereof 发明人:SEMPLE GRAEME; SCHRADER THOMAS; SKINNER PHILIP J; COLLETTI STEVEN L; GHARBAOUI TAWFIK; IMBRIGLIO JASON E; JUNG JAE-KYU; LIANG RUI; RAGHAVAN SUBHAREKHA; SCHMIDT DARBY; TATA JAMES R 权利人:SEMPLE GRAEME; SCHRADER THOMAS; SKINNER PHILIP J; COLLETTI STEVEN L; GHARBAOUI TAWFIK; IMBRIGLIO JASON E; JUNG JAE-KYU; LIANG RUI; RAGHAVAN SUBHAREKHA; SCHMIDT DARBY; TATA JAMES R; ARENA PHARM INC; MERCK & CO INC 摘要:The present invention relates to certain tetrazole derivatives of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit useful pharmacological properties, for example, as agonists for the RUP25 receptor. n nAlso provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of metabolic-related disorders, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Syndrome-X and the like. In addition, the present invention also provides for the use of the compounds of the invention in combination with other active agents such as those belonging to the class of α-glucosidase inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, biguanides, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthesis inhibitors, fibrates, LDL catabolism enhancers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, insulin secretion enhancers and the like.
专利号:US-10968192-B2 优先权日:2018-09-26 标题:Crystalline solid forms of N-(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(4-(2-methyl-5-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)benzyl)phenyl)butanamide and methods of their synthesis 发明人:BEDNARZ MARK STEPHEN; Dai Kuangchu; ECKERT JEFFREY MANNING; LIM NGIAP-KIE; SIROIS LAUREN; WU WENXUE; ZHAO MATTHEW MANGZHU 权利人:LEXICON PHARMACEUTICALS INC 摘要:Methods of preparing, and solid forms of N-(1-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(4-(2-methyl-5-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)benzyl)phenyl)butanamide, and salts, solvates and cocrystals thereof, are disclosed.
专利号:EP-1551403-B1 优先权日:2002-10-10 标 题 :5-substituted 2h-pyrazone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as antilipolytic agents for the treatment of metabolic-related disorders such as dyslipidemia 发明人:SEMPLE GRAEME; AVERBUJ CLAUDIA; SKINNER PHILIP; GHARBAOUI TAWFIK; SHIN YOUNG-JUN 权利人:ARENA PHARM INC 摘要:The present invention relates to certain pyrazole carboxylic acid derivatives of Formula (Ia), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as antilipolytic agents and against for the receptor RUP25, wherein: R2 is H, halogen, C1-12 alkyl or C1-12 haloalkyl; and R3 is C3-6 cycloalkyl, C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-4-alkylene, aryl-C1-4-alkylene or heteroaryl-C1-4-alkylene, wherein said aryl-C1-4-alkylene and heteroaryl-C1-4-alkylene can be optionally substituted 1 to 5 substituents selected from the substituents listed in the claims. Also provided by the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment of metabolic-related disorders, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, Syndrome-X and the like. In addition, the present invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions in combination with other active agents, for example, those agents belonging to the class of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, biguanides, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthesis inhibitors, fibrates, LDL catabolism enhancers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, insulin secretion enhancers, thiazolidinedione and the like.
1: Mori M, Supuran CT. Acipimox inhibits human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022 Dec;37(1):672-679. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2037579. 2: Acipimox--a nicotinic acid analogue for hyperlipidaemia. Drug Ther Bull. 1991 Jul 22;29(15):57-9. 115(48):12158-12163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1808855115. Epub 2018 Nov 14. 4: Vestergaard ET, Hjelholt AJ, Kuhre RE, Møller N, Larraufie P, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Jessen N, Holst JJ, Jørgensen JOL. Acipimox Acutely Increases GLP-1 Concentrations in Overweight Subjects and Hypopituitary Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jul 1;104(7):2581-2592. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02503.
合成参考文献
摘要:Hitomi, Y.; Arakawa, K., Science of Synthesis: Catalytic Transformations via CH Activation, (2015) 2, 297. 摘要:S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (2021) DOI:10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00008. List downloaded from 参考文献:10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199603)12:1<15::aid-dmr153>3.0.co;2-0|10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199603)12:1<15::aid-dmr153>3.3.co;2-s|10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199603)12:1<15::aid-dmr155>3.0.co;2-0 摘要:Saloranta C, Groop L. Interactions between glucose and FFA metabolism in man. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1996 Apr;12(1):15–36. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199603)12:1<15::aid-dmr153>3.0.co;2-0. 参考文献:10.1007/bf03349871 摘要:Maccario M, Grottoli S, Procopio M, Oleandri SE, Barberis A, Ciccarelli E, Camanni F, Ghigo E. Effect of bromocriptine on insulin, growth hormone and prolactin responses to arginine in obesity. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 1996 Apr;19(4):219–23. doi: 10.1007/bf03349871. 参考文献:10.2165/00128071-200203010-00007|10.2165/00128071-200203020-00006|10.2165/00128071-200203030-00008|10.2165/00128071-200203040-00007|10.2165/00128071-200203050-00008|10.2165/00128071-200203060-00007|10.2165/00128071-200203070-00009|10.2165/00128071-200203080-00010|10.2165/00128071-200203090-00006 摘要:Cutaneous drug reaction case reports: from the world literature. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(9):637–43. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200203090-00006.