三氯乙烯置于sodium Chloride,锌体系中,化学反应生成反-1,2-二氯乙烯 参考文献:Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene And Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction With Zn(0) 标题:Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene And Chlorinated Acetylene Reaction With Zn(0) 摘要:To Successfully Design Treatment Systems Relying On Reactions Of Chlorocarbons With Zero-Valent Metals,Information Is Needed Concerning The Kinetics And Pathways Through Which Transformations occur. In This Study,Pathways Of Chlorinated Ethylene Reaction With Zn(0) Have Been Elucidated Through Batch Experiments. Data For Parent Compound Disappearance And Product Appearance Were Fit To Pseudo-First-Order Rate Expressions In Order To Develop A Complete Kinetic Model. Results Indicate That Reductive Beta-Elimination Plays An Important Role,Accounting For 15% Of Tetrachloroethylene (Pce),30% Of Trichloroethylene (Tce),85% Of Cis-Dichloroethylene (Cis-Dce),And 95% Of Trans-Dichloroethylene (Trans-Dce) Reaction. The Fraction Of Pce,Tce,Trans-Dce,And Cis-Dce Transformation That occurs Via Reductive Elimination Increases As The Two-Electron Reduction Potential (E-2)For This Reaction Becomes More Favorable Relative To Hydrogenolysis. In The Case Of Pce A Nd Tce,Reductive Elimination Gives Rise To Chlorinated Acetylenes. Chloroacetylene And Dichloroacetylene Were Synthesized And Found To React Rapidly With Zinc,Displaying Products Consistent With Both Hydrogenolysis And Reduction Of The Triple Bond. Surface Area-Normalized Rate Constants (K(Sa)) For Chlorinated Ethylene Disappearance Correlate Well With Both One-Electron (E-1) And Two-Electron (E-2) Reduction Potentials For The Appropriate Reactions. Correlation With E-2 Allows Prediction Of The Distribution Of Reaction Products As Well As The Rate Of Disappearance Of The Parent Compound. Doi:10.1021/es980252O
专利号:US-11926589-B2 优先权日:2019-07-09 标 题 :Process for the synthesis of non-racemic cyclohexenes 发明人:REISMAN SARAH; ROMBOLA MICHAEL; LADD CAROLYN L; MCLAUGHLIN MARTIN JOHN; ZUEND STEPHAN; GOETZ ROLAND 权利人:BASF CORP; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECHN 摘要:This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a non-racemic cyclohexene compound of formula (I) by a Diels-Alder reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and Y have the meanings as defined in the description in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one m-valent metal cation M m+ wherein the metal M is selected from Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadolinium 15 (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu), Gallium (Ga) and Indium (In), and m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and a chiral ligand of the formula (IV) wherein R 10a , R 10b , R 10c , R 10d , R 10a′ , R 10b′ , R 10c′ , R 10d′ , Z and Z′ have the meanings as defined in the description.
专利号:US-5336739-A 优先权日:1992-04-06 标题:Alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as anionic polymerization modifier in the synthesis of rubbery polymer 发明人:HSU WEN-LIANG; HALASA ADEL F; MATRANA BARRY A 权利人:GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER 摘要:It has been unexpectedly discovered that various compounds, such as alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers, can be used to modify anionic polymerizations of conjugated diene monomers. These modifiers can be used to polymerize isoprene monomer into high 3,4-polyisoprene at excellent polymerization rates. This is in contrast to the modifiers such as tetramethylethylene diamine which are typically used to modify such polymerizations. This invention more specifically discloses a process for the synthesis of 3,4-polyisoprene which comprises polymerizing isoprene monomer in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system which is comprised of (a) a lithium initiator and (b) a modifier which is an alkyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether selected from the group consisting of ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether, propyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether, and butyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether. In the practice of this invention, the utilization of ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether is highly preferred since its use results in faster polymerization rates and higher vinyl contents in the resultant polymer.
专利号:US-5448003-A 优先权日:1992-04-06 标题:Synthesis of rubbery polymer using anionic polymerization modifier 发明人:HSU WEN-LIANG; HALASA ADEL F; MATRANA BARRY A 权利人:GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER 摘要:It has been unexpectedly discovered that various compounds, such as alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers, can be used to modify anionic polymerizations of conjugated diene monomers. These modifiers can be used to polymerize isoprene monomer into high 3,4-polyisoprene at excellent polymerization rates. This is in contrast to the modifiers such as tetramethylethylene diamine which are typically used to modify such polymerizations. This invention more specifically discloses a process for the synthesis of 3,4-polyisoprene which comprises polymerizing isoprene monomer in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system which is comprised of (a) a lithium initiator and (b) an alkyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether modifier, wherein the alkyl group in the alkyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether modifier contains from 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. In the practice of this invention, the utilization of alkyltetrahydrofurfuryl ethers having alkyl groups which contain from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as hexyltetrahydrofurfuryl ether, is highly preferred since their use does not results in the creation of odor problems.
专利号:US-4965327-A 优先权日:1989-10-23 标 题:Synthesis of polydiene rubber by high solids solution polymerization 发明人:STACHOWIAK ROBERT W; PUCCIO ANTHONY J; EBERHART THOMAS J 权利人:GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER 摘要:Synthetic elastomers are typically made commercially by employing emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization techniques. In such solution polymerization techniques, it is desirable to operate at the highest solids content which is practical. As a general rule, it is not practical to prepare such rubbers by solution polymerization at solids contents of higher than about 20 percent. However, the subject invention reveals a technique for preparing such rubbers by high solids solution polymerization at extremely high solids contents. This technique offers substantial advantages associated with eliminating large quantities of organic solvents. The subject invention more specifically relates to a process for the synthesis of polyidene rubber by continuous high solids polymerization which comprises: (1) continuously charging at least one diene monomer, at least one organolithium compound, and from about 4 to about 50 phm of at least one organic solvent into a reaction zone; (2) allowing the monomers to polymerize to a conversion of at least about 90% while utilizing conditions under which there is sufficient evaporative cooling in said reaction zone to maintain a temperature within the range of about 10° C. to about 150° C.; and (3) continuously withdrawing said polydiene rubber from the reaction zone.
专利号:WO-2009115333-A1 优先权日:2008-03-20 标 题:Novel synthesis of praziquantel 发明人:DOEMLING ALEXANDER 权利人:DOEMLING ALEXANDER 摘要:The present invention discloses a novel and efficient synthesis of praziquantel (I).
专利号:US-2023212788-A1 优先权日:2020-03-26 标 题:New method for automated on-demand biomolecular array synthesis 发明人:ZHANG YIXIN; LIN WEILIN 权利人:UNIV DRESDEN TECH 摘要:The invention provides an amphiphilic coating for the direct and rapid synthesis of an array of peptides and small molecular compounds on a planar surface of a solid support, comprising a hydrophilic chemical structure and a lipophilic group, wherein said peptides and small molecular compounds differ from spot to spot from each other in the chemical structure, characterized in that said amphiphilic coating possesses low wettability to polar aprotic solvents used in the array synthesis; said amphiphilic coating possessing low wettability is designed that it can be converted to a coating possessing high wettability by hydrolysis of the lipophilic group; and said amphiphilic coating comprises an amino group for the reaction with an electrophilic reagent. The invention further provides a solid support comprising said amphiphilic coating and a method for method for the direct and rapid synthesis of an array of peptides and small molecular compounds on a planar surface of a solid support, wherein said planar surface of a solid support comprises said amphiphilic coating. Said method includes the enhancing of the wettability of a glass surface to organic solvents to realize automated on-demand biomolecular array synthesis comprising both, peptides and small molecular compounds. The amphiphilic surface can be switched to a hydrophilic surface, resulting in high density arrays suitable for protein- and cell-based screening.
参考标题:Synthesis Of 13-Alkyl-Gon-4-Ones 摘要:The Preparation Of 13-Methylgon-4-Enes And Novel 13-Polycarbonalkylgon-4-Enes By A New Total Synthesis Is Described. 13-Alkylgon-4-Enes Having Progestational, Anabolic And Androgenic Activities Are Prepared By Forming A Tetracylic Gonane Structure Unsaturated In The 1,3,5(10),9(11) And 14-Positions, Selectively Reducing In The B- And C-Rings, And Converting The Aromatic A-Ring Compounds So-Produced To Gon-4-Enes By Birch Reduction And Hydrolysis.
合成参考文献
摘要:Negishi, E.; Wang, G., Science of Synthesis, (2009) 46, 332. 摘要:Shinmyozu, T.; Shibahara, M., Science of Synthesis, (2010) 45, 1287. 摘要:Michalak, M.; Gulajski, L.; Grela, K., Science of Synthesis, (2010) 47, 354. 摘要:Okamoto, K.; Ohe, K., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2020) 1, 43. 摘要:Udmark, J.; Brøndsted Nielsen, M., Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates, (2014) 3, 379.